Structural Engineering of Beams and Lintels for Wall Openings

When creating openings in walls, the remaining wall, ceiling, floors or roof above must be adequately supported. Generally, openings less than 3 m wide can be accommodated with steel angles. As the span increases, steel channels or I-beams will be required.

If the brickwork above the opening is to remain in place, steel lintels or beams must be used. The key is to limit deflection to 5 mm or less to prevent cracking in the brickwork.

Timber lintels are suitable where there is no brickwork above and for spans less than 7 m. If there is an upper storey, it’s important to identify which structural members are load bearing in order to properly support the level above.

Another consideration is wind loading, especially if bracing is compromised. In such cases, portal frame action using beams and columns may be appropriate.

Removing large sections of wall (e.g., openings greater than 5 m) can significantly weaken the structure. In these situations, columns are needed to restore stability and they can often be concealed within the walls.

Lintels can bear on existing brickwork, provided the brick is capable of handling the imposed load. For higher loads, steel columns should be used.

Want to see how this works in practice?
Watch the video below for a real-life example on supporting wall openings safely and effectively.